| 摘要: |
| 随着低空经济与智能交通系统的快速发展，以无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)为核心的低空通信网络（Low-altitude Communication Networks, LACN）已成为车联网（Internet of Vehicles, IoV）智能化演进的关键支撑技术。通过融合5G-A通感一体化、星地一体化网络及移动边缘计算等前沿技术，低空通信网络为车联网提供了高可靠、低时延、广覆盖的通信与计算能力，有效解决了传统地面网络在复杂交通场景下面临的通信盲区、服务质量瓶颈和算力不足等问题。综述了低空通信网络在车联网中的应用，沿着技术纵向演进与应用横向拓展两条主线，从移动边缘计算、协同定位与感知以及信息娱乐服务3个核心维度深入剖析了现有研究的技术脉络、核心挑战与发展趋势。通过梳理分析发现，当前研究呈现出两大趋势：一是从传统模型驱动优化向数据驱动的智能决策模式转变，深度强化学习等人工智能技术被广泛应用；二是从单点技术优化向“空-地-云”一体化协同架构演进，数字孪生、多无人机协作等成为研究热点。进一步指出，发展无需外部设施支持的自主协同网络、实现空地资源的智能一体化调度，是未来实现全域无缝高精度服务的关键突破口。 |
| 关键词: 低空通信网络（LACN） 车联网（IoV） 无人机（UAV） 协同定位 边缘计算 |
| DOI：10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.250919002 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（联合基金）重点项目（U22B2095);重庆市教委科研项目（KJQN202203508）；警务融合计算四川省重点实验室重点项目（JWRH202401003）。 |
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| Application of Low-altitude Communication Networks in Internet of Vehicles: an Overview |
| XIE Huan,HUANG Jinghai,JIN Suzhe,HE Tengfei,ZHONG Yuanchang |
| (1.School of Automotive Engineering，Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College，Chongqing 404155,China;2.School of Electrical Engineering,Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044,China) |
| Abstract: |
| With the rapid development of low altitude economy and intelligent transportation system,low-altitude communication networks(LACN) with unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) as the core has become the key supporting technology for the intelligent evolution of Internet of Vehicles(IoV).By integrating cutting-edge technologies such as 5G-A pass-sensing integration,star-ground integration network,and mobile edge computing,LACN provides highly reliable,low-latency,and wide-coverage communication and computation capabilities for IoV,and effectively solves the problems of communication blind zones,quality-of-service bottlenecks,and insufficient computational power that the traditional terrestrial network faces in complex traffic scenarios.The authors review the application of LACNs in IoV,and analyze the technical lineage,core challenges and development trends of existing researches along the two main lines of vertical evolution of technology and horizontal expansion of application,and from three core dimensions of mobile edge computing,collaborative localization and sensing,and infotainment services.Through the analysis,it is found that the current research presents two major trends:one is the shift from traditional model-driven optimization to data-driven intelligent decision-making mode,and artificial intelligence technologies such as deep reinforcement learning are widely used;the other is the evolution from single-point technology optimization to the“air-ground-cloud”integrated collaborative architecture,and digital twins,multi-drone collaboration,etc.have become the research hotspots.It is further pointed out that the development of an autonomous cooperative network without the support of external facilities and the realization of intelligent integrated scheduling of air-ground resources are the key breakthroughs for realization of seamless high-precision services over the whole area in the future. |
| Key words: low-altitude communication network(LACN) Internet of Vehicles(IoV) unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) collaborative positioning edge computing |
