| 摘要: |
| 差分波束形成是麦克风阵列信号处理的方法之一，在多通道语音增强、声源定位与跟踪等领域得到广泛应用。传统差分波束形成采用多级级联结构，波束图往往在端射方向上指向性最大，并不适用声源位于非端射方向的应用场景，如雷达、声呐、定位追踪等。根据算法可调向范围，将可调向差分波束形成算法划分为不可调向、部分可调向、完全可调向3类调向算法。针对3类调向算法的应用场景及性能优劣情况，综述其实现原理，概述其国内外研究现状及可应用场景，重点介绍方法原理和基本架构，进一步综合分析阵形、间距等因素对于算法调向效果的影响，为可调向差分波束形成算法的应用提供研究基础。 |
| 关键词: 麦克风阵列 差分波束形成 频率无关波束形成 波束转向 |
| DOI：10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.241230003 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（62301179，52271343）；黑龙江省自然科学基金（YQ2023D008） |
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| A Review of Beamforming Technology for Differential Arrays |
| MA Ke,c,b,CHEN Feng |
| (a.National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology;b.Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security;c.College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Differential beamforming is one of the methods for microphone array signal processing and is widely used in multi-channel speech enhancement,sound source localization and tracking.The traditional differential beamforming adopts a multi-stage cascade structure,and the beam pattern often has the largest directivity in the endfire direction,which is not suitable for the application scenarios where the sound source is located in the non-endfire direction,such as radar,sonar,positioning and tracking.According to the steerable range of algorithm,the steerable differential beamforming algorithms are calssified to three kinds，including non-steerable algorithms,partially steerable algorithms,and steerable algorithms.Aiming at the application scenarios and performance advantages and disadvantages of the three types of steering algorithms,their implementation principles,domestic and foreign research status,and application scenarios are summarized respectively.The principle and basic architecture of the method are introduced.The influence of array formation,spacing and other factors on the steering effect of the algorithm is further comprehensively analyzed,which provides a research basis for application of the steerable differential beamforming algorithm. |
| Key words: microphone arrays differential beamforming frequency-invariant beamformer beam steering |
