| 摘要: |
| 随着各类航天任务日益复杂，Linux操作系统因其开源、高度定制化等特点在星载计算机中得到了广泛使用。但是，受航天器极端工作条件（如强辐射条件、极端温度环境和微重力环境）的影响，Linux在轨工作的稳定性面临着较大挑战。对Linux系统应用在航天领域的现状和发展进行了概述，讨论了其相较于传统星载操作系统的技术优势与局限性，并且重点围绕星载Linux系统在引导层、内核层和驱动层的容错技术体系，详细探讨了包括引导层可信验证、内核实时性改造、根文件系统容错、驱动层故障隔离等关键技术。最后，展望了星载Linux系统在商业器件结合容错架构、自适应容错调度等方向的未来发展趋势。 |
| 关键词: 星载计算机 Linux操作系统 容错技术 可靠性增强 |
| DOI：10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.250905003 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4501600） |
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| A Review of Fault-tolerant Technologies for Spaceborne Embedded Linux Software Systems |
| CHEN Linghui,GONG Luqi,WU Peng,LUO Yixun |
| (Zhijiang Laboratory，Hangzhou 311100，China) |
| Abstract: |
| With the increasing complexity of space missions，the Linux operating system，due to its open-source and highly customizable nature，has gained widespread adoption in spaceborne computers.However，due to the extreme operating conditions of spacecraft such as strong radiation，extreme temperatures，and microgravity，Linux’s on-orbit stability faces significant challenges.The authors provide an overview of the current status and development of Linux applications in the space sector and discuss its technical advantages and limitations in comparison with traditional spaceborne operating systems.Then，focusing on the fault-tolerance technology architecture for spaceborne Linux systems at the boot，kernel，and driver layers，they discuss the key technologies such as boot-layer trusted verification，kernel real-time modification，root file system fault tolerance，and driver-layer fault isolation.Finally，they look forward to the future development trends of onboard Linux systems in terms of combining commercial devices with fault-tolerant architecture and adaptive fault-tolerant scheduling. |
| Key words: onboard computer Linux operating system fault-tolerant technology enhanced reliability |
《电讯技术》编辑部 