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崔开博,施庆展,黄敬健,等.基于时频分析和前后向平滑算法的相干宽带信号DOA估计算法[J].电讯技术，2026，66（10）： - . [点击复制]
CUI Kaibo,SHI Qingzhan,HUANG Jingjian,et al.DOA Estimation of Coherent Wideband Signals Using STFDs and FBSS Techniques[J].，2026，66（10）： - . [点击复制]

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基于时频分析和前后向平滑算法的相干宽带信号DOA估计算法
崔开博,施庆展,黄敬健,陈曦,张晓发,袁乃昌
(国防科技大学电子科学学院，长沙 410073)

摘要:

为了对相干宽带信号进行波达方向估计，提出了一种基于时频分析工具和前向/后向空间平滑技术的新算法。与其他传统在频域中进行到达角估计的方法不同，该算法首先在时频域中根据特定阈值选择多个时频点来构建阵列的空间时频分布矩阵，从而将时域中宽带信号的时变流形矩阵变为时频域中的时不变流形矩阵。最后，使用前向/后向空间平滑技术来区分相干信号。对于调幅宽带信号，在高信噪比情况下，所提算法的估计精度比传统算法提升至少30%；在低信噪比情况下，其性能仅略低于具有良好初始估计的旋转信号子空间算法。对于线性调频信号，所提算法估计精度较传统算法提升了至少50%。

关键词: 相干信号波达方向估计空间时频分布(STFD) 前向/后向空间平滑(FBSS)

DOI：10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.250422001

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（62301570）

DOA Estimation of Coherent Wideband Signals Using STFDs and FBSS Techniques

CUI Kaibo,SHI Qingzhan,HUANG Jingjian,CHEN Xi,ZHANG Xiaofa,YUAN Naichang

(College of Electronic Science and Technology，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China)

Abstract:

To estimate the direction of arrival(DOA) of coherent wideband signals，a novel DOA estimation algorithm called time-frequency forward/backward spatial smoothing(TF-FBSS) algorithm is proposed.This new algorithm estimates DOAs using the time-frequency(TF) analysis tools and the forward/backward spatial smoothing(FBSS) techniques.Different from other traditional coherent wideband methods which estimate DOAs in the frequency domain，the proposed algorithm constructs the spatial time-frequency distributions(STFDs) of the array by selecting a plurality of TF points according to a certain threshold in the TF domain firstly.Then，the time-varying manifold matrix of the wideband signals in the time domain is transformed to a time-invariant manifold matrix in the TF domain.Finally，the FBSS techniques are used to distinguish the coherent signals.For the amplitude modulated(AM) signals，the estimated precision of the proposed algorithm is improved by at least 30% compared with the algorithms in the frequency domain in the case of high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and its performance is just slightly lower than that of the rotational signal subspace(RSS) algorithm with good initial estimation in the case of low SNR.For the linear frequency modulated(LFM) signals，the estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved by at least 50% compared with the traditional algorithms.

Key words: coherent signals DOA estimation spatial time-frequency distributions(STFD) forward/backward spatial smoothing（FBSS）